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With over 20,000 named varieties across the globe apple is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits.

According to some researches, the tree originated from Central Asia and most likely was the earliest tree to be cultivated. The thousands of years of selection helped improve its fruits and create many varieties including dessert apples (the ones for eating), apples cultivated specifically for cooking or producing cider. Allegedly, the world’s biggest collection of apple cultivars is housed at the National Fruit Collection in England.

Apple holds a very high position in our culture, religion, and mythology with the apple that Eve cajoled Adam to share with her being the most famous one. However, there is a recent theory that that was not an apple Eve gave to Adam, but a green to orange fruit called Strychnos nux-vomica which seeds contain approximately 1.5% strychnine. Apple seeds, by the way, are mildly poisonous too, containing a small amount of amygdalin which is usually not enough to be dangerous to humans, but it can be harmful for birds.

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Magma is liquid rock inside a volcano.

Lava is liquid rock (magma) that flows out of a volcano. Fresh lava ranges from 1,300° to 2,200° F (700° to 1,200° C) in temperature and glows red hot to white hot as it flows.

There are around 1510 ‘active’ volcanoes in the world. We currently know of 80 or more which are under the oceans.

When magma erupts through the earth’s surface it is called lava.

Over half of the world’s volcanoes arise in a belt around the Pacific Ocean called the Ring of Fire.

One in 10 people in the world live within ‘danger range’ of an active volcano.

People can get used to living near a volcano, but it is always a little dangerous. Scientists have estimated that at least 200,000 persons have lost their lives as a result of volcanic eruptions during the last 500 years.

People set up homes on the slopes of volcanoes because of the rich, fertile soil produced.

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